Problems of Democracy- Absence of Participatory Political Culture

The proper functioning of democracy invariably warrants the prevalence of participatory political culture in the country. The legitimacy of any government is unavoidably linked with the sustenance of participatory political process and the voluntary consent of the governed. Participatory political culture implies such norms and values allowing; a) participation of mass people in the state’s affaires and also b) involvement of government, opposition and other stake holders in the national and local decision making process. But such political culture is hardly discerned in Bangladesh. In the country mass participation in the state’s affairs is basically confined in casting votes in both local, sub-local and national level election. Even the verdict of the mass people is not properly reflected in the elect

The Ottoman Empire Culture

The Ottoman Empire had filled roughly the territories around the Meditteranian seaand Black sea while adopting the traditions, art and institutions of cultures in these regions and adding new dimensions to them. Many different cultures lived under the umbrella of the Ottoman Empire, and as a result, a specifically "Ottoman" culture can be difficult to define, except for those of the regional centers and capital. However, there was also a specific melding of cultures that can be said to have reached its highest levels among the Ottoman elite, who were composed of myriad ethnic and religious groups. This multicultural perspective of "millets" was reflected in the Ottoman State's multi-cultural and multi-religious policies.

Transmission of Culture

Schooling, like socialization, requires communication. Amongst human beings this process is an immensely subtle one, which drives its complexity from our ability to symbolize. A symbol is any voluntary act. event or record, which through social usages has cone to stand for something else. The meanings of symbols are arbitrary. They can stand for objects, events, relationships or other symbols (O’Brien at 1964-, P-273). The most important kind of symbols are those that have acquired standard meanings expressed in words throughout a given society or social group.