Cultural Reconfiguration and Revivalism of Islam of Modern Turkey

However, in recent history Turkish politics has been subject to vast changes in its make-up. Since the 1980 military intervention, and perhaps even earlier, the subject of religious revivalism has been in the forefront of the Kemalist republic. While many countries in the Middle East have witnessed religious upheaval in recent past.A new middle class became visible after the 1980’s, accepting the ethical standards and cultural values of the traditional order but also adopted the rational business rules and the profit motive of the capitalist market system.  The new Turkish Islamic middle middle, and upper middle classes are very good examples of capitalistic spirit both as believers and entrepreneurs.

Islam in International Relations: re-emerged or phobia?

The world system has gone through a dramatic change after the terrorist attack of 9/11 in WTC. The world system has turned toward a clashing position. Jihad and war on terror, these two terms have emerged as equally used mutually malevolent idea. Though it is said, the war on terror was launched against terrorist groups, rogue states and failed states, scholars largely view it as a conflict between of West and Muslims. Though these wars have been occurred between two unparallel powers, contention with super power and greater powers made Islamic world the hot zone of international power politics. From the beginning of 21st century the burning issues are the US-Afghanistan war, US-Iraq war, ups and downs of US-Pakistan relation, Israel- Palestine contention, Arab Spring and lastly the NATO invasion in Libya.

Christianity and Islam: Christianity, an Implicit Impetus of International System

Christianity, being the second largest religion has implicitly influence international politics through its norms and customs at the name of secularism. Several prominent scholars have identified secularism as a set of norms and behaviors derived from one or more than one version of Christianity. Christian driven concepts like, secularism, democracy, capitalism are in the centre of administration and economy of most of the countries for last four hundred years. Therefore, the expansion and application of these ideas can be thought as the validation and intensification of Christianity, Christian norms and rules. Direct connection between church and state is not noticeable, although in USA and Germany religious involvement has increased to some extent.

However, the implicit features of Christianity which have dominant role in international level are:

Christianity with Secularism
Democracy and Christianity
Western Capitalism and Christianity