Urinary tract infection (UTI) are common infections; it is estimated that 150 million UTIs occur yearly worldwide, resulting in more than 6 billion dollars in direct healthcare cost(Stamm and Norrby,2001) Urinary tract infection (UTI), which is caused by the presence and growth of microorganism in the urinary tract, is perhaps the single commonest bacterial infection in mankind. Numerous report has also suggested that UTI can occur in both male and female patient with any age with bacteria count as low as 100 colony forming unit (CFU) per milliliters in urine(Akinyemi,etal.,1997).This is common in patients with symptoms of acute urethral syndrome.
Females are believed to be more affected than males. Treatment of UTIs varies according to the age of patient, sex underlying disease, infecting agent and whether there is lower or upper urinary tract involvement (Warren et al., 1999), however, antibiotic is a common practice to combat against the causative agents of urinary tract infection. Unfortunately, with each passing decade, emergent strains of bacteria that defy not single but also multiple antibiotics have become increasingly common. And now, the spread of microbial drug resistance is global public health challenge, which impairs the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and results in substantial increased illness and death rates and healthcare associated costs (Blondeau et al.,1996;Acar,1997;Richard et al.,1994).The more an antibiotic used the more the bacteria resistant to it. Many patients demand antibiotic routinely and just as many doctors dispense antibiotics indiscriminately often for viral infections against which the drugs are useless. And it’s not uncommon for patients to stop taking antibiotics as soon as they feel better, killing only a fraction of the bacteria that are making them sick. Scientist has characterized several mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, and hundreds of variants. Bacteria also share resistance-encoding genes in a number of ways. They can share genes from other species, or become infected by viruses that can move genes from one bacterium to others. Bacteria can also acquire multiple different genes for resistance, and resistant to multiple different families of antibiotic drugs. Such as multiple Drug Resistance strains present the greatest clinical challenge.
Females are believed to be more affected than males. Treatment of UTIs varies according to the age of patient, sex underlying disease, infecting agent and whether there is lower or upper urinary tract involvement (Warren et al., 1999), however, antibiotic is a common practice to combat against the causative agents of urinary tract infection. Unfortunately, with each passing decade, emergent strains of bacteria that defy not single but also multiple antibiotics have become increasingly common. And now, the spread of microbial drug resistance is global public health challenge, which impairs the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and results in substantial increased illness and death rates and healthcare associated costs (Blondeau et al.,1996;Acar,1997;Richard et al.,1994).The more an antibiotic used the more the bacteria resistant to it. Many patients demand antibiotic routinely and just as many doctors dispense antibiotics indiscriminately often for viral infections against which the drugs are useless. And it’s not uncommon for patients to stop taking antibiotics as soon as they feel better, killing only a fraction of the bacteria that are making them sick. Scientist has characterized several mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, and hundreds of variants. Bacteria also share resistance-encoding genes in a number of ways. They can share genes from other species, or become infected by viruses that can move genes from one bacterium to others. Bacteria can also acquire multiple different genes for resistance, and resistant to multiple different families of antibiotic drugs. Such as multiple Drug Resistance strains present the greatest clinical challenge.